- Auditor at the Court of Auditors (1983), rapporteur to the Central Markets Commission (1983-1986) and the Commission for access to administrative documents (1985-1986)
- Judge at the Court of Auditors (1987)
- Senior adviser at the corporate management directorate of SNCF (1987-1989) and then deputy director of finance (1989-1991)
- Advocate General at the Court of Auditors (1993-1995)
- Deputy director reporting to the Minister for Land Use, Infrastructure and Transport, and to the Minister for Infrastructure, Housing, Transport and Tourism (1995-1997)
- Member of the Inter-ministerial Committee on industrial restructuring (1997)
- Director of economic and international affairs at the Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Housing (1997-2001)
- Director of the cabinet of the Minister of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries and Rural Affairs (2002-2004)
- Special adviser to the Minister for the Economy, Finance and Industry (2004-2005)
- Senior judge at the Court of Auditors since 2000
- Mayor of Marly-le-Roi since 2001 and First Vice-president of the Agglomeration Community of Saint-Germain Boucles de Seine since 2016*
- Member of the Supervisory Board of Caisse des Dépôts
* Jean-Yves Perrot was first deputy mayor of Marly-le-Roi (1989-1995), regional councillor for d’Ile-de-France (2004-2010) and president of the Saint Germain, Seine et forêts community of municipalities (2014-2015)